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American multinational financial services corporation

Mastercard Inc.
Mastercard 2019 logo.svg
Type Public

Traded as
  • NYSE: MA (Class A)
  • S&P 100 component
  • S&P 500 component
ISIN US57636Q1040
Industry Financial services
Founded 1966; 55 years ago  (1966)
(as Interbank Card Association)
1979; 42 years ago  (1979)
(as MasterCard)
Headquarters Mastercard International Global Headquarters,

Purchase, New York

,

U.S.

Area served

 Worldwide

Key people

 Ajay Banga
(Executive Chairman)
Michael Miebach
(President and CEO)
Products Credit cards
Payment systems
Brands
  • Cirrus
  • Maestro
  • Mondex
  • Mastercard
  • Masterpass
Revenue Decrease US$15.3 billion (2020)[1]

Operating income

 Decrease US$8.08 billion (2020)[1]

Net income

 Decrease US$6.41 billion (2020)[1]
Total assets Increase US$33.58 billion (2020)[1]
Total equity Increase US$6.49 billion (2020)[1]

Number of employees

 21,000 (2020)[1]
Website mastercard.com
Footnotes / references
Logo update[2]

Mastercard Inc. (stylized as MasterCard from 1979 to 2016 and mastercard since 2016) is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York.[3] The Global Operations Headquarters is located in O'Fallon, Missouri, a municipality of St. Charles County, Missouri. Throughout the world, its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card-issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the "Mastercard" brand debit, credit and prepaid cards to make purchases. Mastercard Worldwide has been a publicly traded company since 2006. Prior to its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards.

Mastercard, originally known as Interbank from 1966 to 1969 and Master Charge from 1969 to 1979,[4] was created by an alliance of several regional bankcard associations in response to the BankAmericard issued by Bank of America, which later became the Visa credit card issued by Visa Inc.

History [edit]

Master Charge logo used from 1969 to 1979, featuring the original Interbank logo of 1966

Master Charge logo used from 1969 to 1979, featuring the original Interbank logo of 1966

First MasterCard logo, used from 1979 to 1990

First MasterCard logo, used from 1979 to 1990

MasterCard logo used from 1990 to 1996

MasterCard logo used from 1990 to 1996

MasterCard logo used for corporate branding from 1996 to 2006, and on the cards until July 14, 2016

MasterCard logo used for corporate branding and on the cards from 1996 to 2006, and on the cards only until July 14, 2016

MasterCard corporate logo used from 2006 to July 14, 2016

MasterCard corporate logo used from 2006 to July 14, 2016

Mastercard logo used from July 14, 2016 to February 7, 2019

Mastercard logo used from July 14, 2016 to January 7, 2019

Maestro logo, the debit card subsidiary

Mondex logo, the stored-value card subsidiary

Cirrus logo, the interbank network subsidiary

Although BankAmericard's debut in September 1958 was a notorious disaster, it began to turn a profit by May 1961.[5] Bank of America deliberately kept this information secret and allowed then-widespread negative impressions to linger in order to ward off competition.[6] This strategy was successful until 1966, when BankAmericard's profitability had become far too big to hide.[6] From 1960 to 1966, there were only 10 new credit cards introduced in the United States, but from 1966 to 1968, approximately 440 credit cards were introduced by banks large and small throughout the country.[6] These newcomers promptly banded together into regional bankcard associations.[7]

One reason for why most banks chose to join forces was that at the time, 16 states limited the ability of banks to operate through branch locations, while 15 states entirely prohibited branch banking and required unit banking.[8] A unit bank can legally operate only at a single site and is thereby forced to remain very small.[8] By joining a regional bankcard association, a unit bank could quickly add a credit card to its lineup of financial products, and achieve economies of scale by outsourcing tedious back office tasks like card servicing to the association.[7] Such associations also enabled unit banks to aggregate their customer bases and merchant networks in order to make a credit card useful for both customers and merchants; early credit cards had failed because they could only be used within a small radius around their respective issuing banks.[8]

In 1966, Karl H. Hinke, an executive vice president at Marine Midland Bank, asked representatives of several other banks to meet him in Buffalo, New York.[9] [10] Marine Midland had just launched its own regional bankcard in the Upstate New York market after Bank of America declined its request for a BankAmericard regional license on the basis that Marine Midland was too big.[11] The result of the Buffalo meeting was that several banks and regional bankcard associations soon agreed to join forces as Interbankard, Inc.,[9] [10] which then became the Interbank Card Association (ICA).[7] By the end of 1967, ICA had 150 members and Hinke became ICA's chairman.[11] Bank of America eventually joined MasterCard as well.[11] (Ironically, in the 21st century, Bank of America would revive the BankAmericard brand name as a Mastercard credit card, which it remains today.)

The Interbank branding in 1966 initially consisted only of a small unobtrusive lowercase i inside a circle in the lower right-hand corner of the front of each Interbank card; the rest of the card design was the prerogative of each issuing bank.[12] This tiny logo proved to be entirely unsatisfactory for creating nationwide brand awareness in order to compete against the established leader, BankAmericard.[12] In 1969, Interbank developed a new national brand, "Master Charge: The Interbank Card" by combining the two overlapping yellow and orange circles of the Western States Bankcard Association with the "Master Charge" name coined by the First National Bank of Louisville, Kentucky.[12]

That same year, First National City Bank joined Interbank and merged its proprietary Everything Card with Master Charge.

In 1968, the ICA and Eurocard started a strategic alliance, which effectively allowed the ICA access to the European market, and for Eurocard to be accepted on the ICA network. The Access card system from the United Kingdom joined the ICA/Eurocard alliance in 1972.[13]

In 1979, "Master Charge: The Interbank Card" was renamed "MasterCard".[13] In 1997, MasterCard took over the Access card; the Access brand was then retired.[ citation needed ]

In 1983, MasterCard International Inc. became the first bank to use holograms as part of their card security.[14]

In 2002, MasterCard International merged with Europay International, another large credit-card issuer association, of which Eurocard had become a part in 1992.[15]

In mid-2006, MasterCard International changed its name to MasterCard Worldwide. This was to suggest a more global scale. In addition, the company introduced a new corporate logo adding a third circle to the two that had been used in the past (the familiar card logo, resembling a Venn diagram, remained unchanged). A new corporate tagline was introduced at the same time: "The Heart of Commerce".[16]

In August 2010, MasterCard expanded its e-commerce offering with the acquisition of DataCash, a UK-based payment processing and fraud/risk management provider.[17] [18]

In March 2012, MasterCard announced the expansion of its mobile contactless payments program, including markets across the Middle East.[19]

In spring 2014, MasterCard acquired Australia's leading rewards program manager company Pinpoint for an undisclosed amount.[20]

Mastercard teamed with Apple in September 2014, to incorporate a new mobile wallet feature into Apple's new iPhone and Apple Watch models known as Apple Pay, enabling users to more readily use their Mastercard, and other credit cards.[21]

In July 2016, Mastercard introduced their new rebranding, along with a new corporate logo. In addition, they changed their service name from "MasterCard" to "mastercard".[22]

In August 2017, Mastercard acquired Brighterion, a Delaware Corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California that provides a portfolio of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies.[23] Brighterion holds several patents.[24]

In January 2019, Mastercard removed its name from its logo, leaving just the overlapping discs.[25]

In April 2021, Mastercard created a calculator that gathers information and measures the carbon footprints of the customers in order to help them know how much they are contributing in carbon emissions and global warming.[26] Also in 2021, Mastercard was ranked number 13 on Morning Consult's list of most trusted brands.[27]

IPO [edit]

The company, which had been organized as a cooperative of banks, had an initial public offering on May 25, 2006, selling 95.5 million shares at $39 each.[28] The stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol MA, with a market capitalization of $367.1 billion as of May 2021.[29]

Litigation [edit]

Antitrust lawsuit by ATM operators [edit]

Mastercard, along with Visa, has been sued in a class action by ATM operators that claim the credit card networks' rules effectively fix ATM access fees. The suit claims that this is a restraint of trade in violation of federal law. The lawsuit was filed by the National ATM Council and independent operators of automated teller machines. More specifically, it is alleged that Mastercard's and Visa's network rules prohibit ATM operators from offering lower prices for transactions over PIN-debit networks that are not affiliated with Visa or Mastercard. The suit says that this price-fixing artificially raises the price that consumers pay using ATMs, limits the revenue that ATM operators earn, and violates the Sherman Act's prohibition against unreasonable restraints of trade. Johnathan Rubin, an attorney for the plaintiffs said, "Visa and Mastercard are the ringleaders, organizers, and enforcers of a conspiracy among U.S. banks to fix the price of ATM access fees in order to keep the competition at bay."[30]

Debit card swipe fee price fixing [edit]

Both Mastercard and Visa have paid approximately $3 billion in damages resulting from a class-action lawsuit filed in January 1996.[31] The litigation cites several retail giants as plaintiffs, including Wal-Mart, Sears, Roebuck & Co., and Safeway.[32]

Antitrust settlement with U.S. Justice Department [edit]

In October 2010, Mastercard and Visa reached a settlement with the U.S. Justice Department in another antitrust case. The companies agreed to allow merchants displaying their logos to decline certain types of cards (because interchange fees differ), or to offer consumers discounts for using cheaper cards.[33]

Payment card interchange fee and merchant discount antitrust litigation [edit]

On November 27, 2012, a federal judge entered an order granting preliminary approval to a proposed settlement to a class-action lawsuit[34] filed in 2005 by merchants and trade associations against Mastercard and Visa. The suit was filed due to alleged price-fixing practices employed by Mastercard and Visa. About one-fourth of the named class plaintiffs have decided to opt-out of the settlement. Opponents object to provisions that would bar future lawsuits and prevent merchants from opting out of significant portions of the proposed settlement.[35]

Plaintiffs allege that Visa Inc. and Mastercard fixed interchange fees, also known as swipe fees, that are charged to merchants for the privilege of accepting payment cards. In their complaint, the plaintiffs also alleged that the defendants unfairly interfere with merchants from encouraging customers to use less expensive forms of payment such as lower-cost cards, cash, and checks.[35]

A settlement of $6.24 billion has been reached and a court is scheduled to approve or deny the agreement on November 7, 2019.[36]

Finances [edit]

Development since 2005[37]
Year Revenue
in mil. US-$ 		Operational Income
in mil. US-$ 		Price per Share
in US-$ 		Employees
2005 2,938 393
2006 3,326 229
2007 4,068 1,108 13.65
2008 4,992 –534 20.33
2009 5,099 2,260 17.99
2010 5,539 2,752 22.01
2011 6,714 2,713 28.73
2012 7,391 3,937 41.58
2013 8,312 4,503 59.34 8,200
2014 9,441 5,106 75.33 10,300
2015 9,667 5,078 90.62 11,300
2016 10,776 5,761 94.50 11,900
2017 12,497 6,622 126.54 13,400
2018 14,950 7,282 186.16 14,800
2019 16,883 9,664 300.74 18,600
2020 15,301 8,081 370.00 21,000

As of 2020, Mastercard ranked 191 on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[38]

Selling of credit card data [edit]

In 2018, Bloomberg News reported that Google had paid millions of dollars to Mastercard for its users' credit card data for advertising purposes. The deal had not been publicly announced.[39] [40]

Cryptocurrency [edit]

On February 10, 2021, Mastercard announced their support of cryptocurrencies saying that later in 2021, Mastercard will start supporting select cryptocurrencies directly on their network. One of the main focus areas that Mastercard wants to support is using digital assets for payments, and that crypto assets will need to offer the stability people need in a vehicle for spending, not investment.[41] [42] In October 2021, Mastercard announced that through its partnership with Bakkt, any bank or merchant on its network would soon be able to offer crypto services.[43]

Criticism [edit]

Antitrust issues in the United States [edit]

Few companies have faced more antitrust lawsuits both in the US and abroad.[44]

Mastercard, along with Visa, engaged in systematic parallel exclusion against American Express during the 1980s and 1990s. Mastercard used exclusivity clauses in its contracts and blacklists to prevent banks from doing business with American Express. Such exclusionary clauses and other written evidence were used by the United States Department of Justice in regulatory actions against Mastercard and Visa.[45] Discover has sued Mastercard for similar issues.[44]

In 1996 about 4 million merchants sued Mastercard in federal court for making them accept debit cards if they wanted to accept credit cards and dramatically increasing credit card swipe fees. This case was settled with a multibillion-dollar payment in 2003. This was the largest antitrust award in history.[44]

In 1998, the Department of Justice sued Mastercard over rules prohibiting their issuing banks from doing business with American Express or Discover. The Department of Justice won in 2001 and the verdict withstood appeal. American Express also filed suit.[44]

On August 23, 2001, Mastercard International Inc. was sued for violating the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.[46]

On November 15, 2004, Mastercard Inc. paid damages to American Express, due to anticompetitive practices that prevented American Express from issuing cards through U.S. banks,[47] and paid $1.8 billion for settlement.[48]

Antitrust investigations in Europe [edit]

The European Union has repeatedly criticized Mastercard for monopolistic trade practices. In April 2009, Mastercard reached a settlement with the European Union in an antitrust case, promising to reduce debit card swipe fees to 0.2 percent of purchases.[49] In December 2010, a senior official from the European Central Bank called for a break-up of the Visa/Mastercard duopoly by the creation of a new European debit card for use in the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA).[50]

WikiLeaks published documents showing that American authorities lobbied Russia to defend the interests of Visa and Mastercard.[51] In response Mastercard blocked payments to WikiLeaks. Members of the European Parliament expressed concern that payments from European citizens to a European corporation could apparently be blocked by the United States, and called for a further reduction in the dominance of Visa and Mastercard in the European payment system.[52]

In 2013, Mastercard was under investigation by the European Union for the high fees it charged merchants to accept cards issued outside the EU, compared to cards issued in the EU, as well as other anti-competitive practices that could hinder electronic commerce and international trade, and high fees associated with premium credit cards. The EU's competition regulator said that these fees were of special concern because of the growing role of non-cash payments. Mastercard was banned from charging fees on cross-border transactions conducted wholly within the EU via a ruling by the European Commission in 2007.[53] The European Commission said that their investigation also included large differences in fees across national borders. For instance, a €50 payment might cost €0.10 in the Netherlands but eight times that amount in Poland. The Commission argues that Mastercard rules that prohibit merchants from enjoying better terms offered in other EU countries may be against antitrust law.

The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) praised the action against Mastercard. BEUC said interbank fees push up prices and hurt consumers. BEUC Director General Monique Goyens said, "So in the end, all consumers are hit by a scheme which ultimately rewards the card company and issuing bank."[53]

In January 2019, the European Commission imposed an antitrust fine of €570,566,000 to Mastercard for "obstructing merchants' access to cross-border card payment services", due to Mastercard's rules obliging acquiring banks to apply the interchange fees of the country where a retailer was located. The Commission concluded that Mastercard's rules prevented retailers from benefitting from lower fees and restricted competition between banks cross border, in breach of EU antitrust rules. The infringement of antitrust rules ended when Mastercard amended its rules due to the entering into force of the Interchange Fee Regulation in 2015, which introduced caps on interchange fees. The Commission did grant Mastercard a 10% reduction of the fine however, in return for Mastercard acknowledging the facts and cooperating with the antitrust investigation.[54]

In February 2021, following an investigation by the UK Payment Systems Regulator, Mastercard admitted liability for breaching competition rules in relation to pre-paid cards.[55]

Regulatory action in Australia and New Zealand [edit]

In 2003, the Reserve Bank of Australia required that interchange fees be dramatically reduced, from about 0.95% of the transaction to approximately 0.5%.[ citation needed ] One notable result has been the reduced use of reward cards and increased use of debit cards. Australia also prohibited the "no surcharge" rule, a policy established by credit card networks like Visa and Mastercard to prevent merchants from charging a credit card usage fee to the cardholder. A surcharge would mitigate or even exceed the merchant discount paid by a merchant, but would also make the cardholder more reluctant to use the card as the method of payment. Australia has also made changes to the interchange rates on debit cards and has considered abolishing interchange fees altogether.

As of November 2006, New Zealand was considering similar actions, following a Commerce Commission lawsuit alleging price-fixing by Visa and Mastercard. In New Zealand, merchants pay a 1.8% fee on every credit card transaction.[ citation needed ]

Blocking payments to WikiLeaks [edit]

In December 2010, Mastercard blocked all payments to WikiLeaks due to claims that they engage in illegal activity.[56] In response, a group of online activists calling themselves "Anonymous" organized a denial-of-service attack; as a result, the Mastercard website experienced downtime on December 8–9, 2010.[57] On December 9, 2010 the servers of Mastercard underwent a massive attack[58] as part of an Operation Avenge Assange for closing down payments of whistleblowing platform WikiLeaks. According to several news sites, the security of thousands of credit cards was compromised during that attack due to a phishing-site set up by the attackers.[59] However, Mastercard denied this, stating that "cardholder account data has not been placed at risk".[60] WikiLeaks spokesman said: "We neither condemn nor applaud these attacks."[61] U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay said that closing down credit lines for donations to WikiLeaks "could be interpreted as an attempt to censor the publication of information, thus potentially violating WikiLeaks' right to freedom of expression".[62]

DataCell, the company that enables WikiLeaks to accept credit and debit card donations, said it would take legal action against Visa Europe and Mastercard.[63] Iceland-based IT firm DataCell said it would move immediately to try to force the two companies to resume allowing payments to the website.[ citation needed ] DataCell had earlier[ when? ] said that suspension of payments towards WikiLeaks is a violation of the agreements with their customers. On July 14, 2011 DataCell announced they had filed a complaint with the European Commission claiming the closure by Visa and Mastercard of Datacell's access to the payment card networks violated the competition rules of the European Community.[64]

On July 12, 2012 a Reykjavík court ruled that Valitor, Visa and Mastercard's partner in Iceland, had to start processing donations within fourteen days[65] or pay daily fines to the amount of ISK 800,000 (some $6000) for each day after that time, to open the payment gateway. Valitor also had to pay DataCell's litigation costs of ISK 1,500,000.[66] [67]

Corporate branding of all Nigerian ID Cards [edit]

In 2014, pursuant to an agreement between Mastercard and the Nigerian Government, acting through the National Identity Management Commission, the new Nigerian ID cards will bear the Mastercard logo, contain personal database data and double as payment cards, irrevocably linking such payments to the individuals,[68] sparking criticism by the Civil Rights Congress alleging that it "represents a stamped ownership of a Nigerian by an American company ... reminiscent of the logo pasted on the bodies of African slaves transported across the Atlantic."[69]

Prepaid debit cards [edit]

Mastercard, Comerica Bank, and the U.S. Treasury Department teamed up in 2008 to create the Direct Express Debit Mastercard prepaid debit card. The federal government uses the Express Debit product to issue electronic payments to people who do not have bank accounts, who are often referred to collectively as the "unbanked". Comerica Bank is the issuing bank for the debit card.

The Direct Express cards give recipients a number of consumer protections.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced a partnership with British Airways to offer members the Executive Club Multi-currency Cash Passport, which will allow members to earn extra points and make multi-currency payments. The Passport card allows users to load up to ten currencies (euro, pound, U.S. dollar, Turkish Lira, Swiss franc, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, New Zealand dollar, U.A.E. dirham, and South African rand) at a locked-in rate. When used, the card selects the local currency to ensure the best exchange rate, and if the local currency is not already loaded onto the card, funds are used from other currencies.[ citation needed ]

Advertising [edit]

Mastercard's current advertising campaign tagline is Priceless. The slogan associated with the campaign is "There are some things money can't buy. For everything else, there's Mastercard." The Priceless campaign in more recent iterations has been applicable to both Mastercard's credit card and debit card products. They also use the Priceless description to promote products such as their "priceless travel" site which features deals and offers for Mastercard holders,[70] and "priceless cities", offers for people in specified locations.[71]

Mastercard MarketPlace [edit]

Through a partnership with an Internet company that specializes in personalized shopping, Mastercard introduced a Web shopping mall on April 16, 2010, that it said can pinpoint with considerable accuracy what its cardholders are likely to purchase.[72]

Mastercard Track Business Payment Service [edit]

In May 2020, Mastercard announced that it's launching the Mastercard Track Business Payment Service. The service will provide business-to-business (B2B) payments between buyers and suppliers. According to James Anderson, the Mastercard EVP of global commercial products, "The service creates a directory of suppliers, enabling suppliers to publish their payment rules so they can better control how they receive payments while making it easier for buyers to find suppliers and understand their requirements."[73]

[edit]

Mastercard sponsors major sporting events and teams throughout the world. These include rugby's New Zealand, the MLB, the UEFA Champions League and the PGA Tour's Arnold Palmer Invitational. Previously, it also sponsored the FIFA World Cup but withdrew its contract after a court settlement and its rival, Visa, took up the contract in 2007.[74] In 1997, Mastercard was the main sponsor of the Mastercard Lola Formula One team,[75] which withdrew from the 1997 Formula One season after its first race due to financial problems.[ citation needed ] It also partners the Brazil national football team[76] and the Copa Libertadores.[77]

Mastercard was also the title sponsor for the Alamo Bowl game from 2002 until 2005.

In late 2018, Mastercard became the first major sponsor for League of Legends esports. The company sponsors the League of Legends World Championship, Mid-Season Invitational, and the All-stars event for League of Legends.[78]

Untill 2018, Mastercard was the sponsor of the Memorial Cup, the CHL's annual championship between its 3 leagues.

Corporate affairs [edit]

Headquarters [edit]

Mastercard has its headquarters in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York.[79]

The Global Operations Center is located in O'Fallon, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis.

Management and board of directors [edit]

Key executives include:[80]

  • Michael Miebach: president and chief executive officer
  • Walt Macnee: vice chairman
  • Robert Reeg: president – global technology & operations
  • Raja Rajamannar: chief marketing officer – global marketing
  • Gary Flood: president – products & services
  • Noah Hanft: general counsel, chief franchise officer and corporate president
  • Michael Fraccaro: chief human resources officer
  • Chris McWilton: president – North American markets
  • Ann Cairns: president – international markets
  • Javier Perez: president – Europe
  • Kevin Stanton: Chief Transformation Officer
  • Vicky Bindra: president – Asia-Pacific
  • Betty Devita: president - Canada
  • Gilberto Caldart: president - Latin America & Caribbean

Prior to its IPO in 2006, Mastercard was an association that had a board of directors composed of banks. The current board of directors includes the following individuals:[81]

  • Ajay Banga, Executive Chair
  • Silvio Barzi, former senior advisor, and executive officer, UniCredit Group
  • David R. Carlucci, former chairman and chief executive officer, IMS Health Incorporated
  • Steven J. Freiberg, senior advisor, The Boston Consulting Group
  • Nancy J. Karch, director emeritus, McKinsey & Company
  • Marc Olivie, president, and chief executive officer, W.C. Bradley Co.
  • Rima Qureshi, senior vice president strategic projects, Ericsson
  • Jose Octavio Reyes Lagunes, vice chairman, Coca-Cola Export Corporation, The Coca-Cola Company
  • Mark Schwartz, vice chairman, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., chairman, Goldman Sachs Asia Pacific
  • Edward Suning Tian, chairman, China Broadband Capital Partners, L.P.
  • Jackson P. Tai, former vice-chairman, and chief executive officer, DBS Group and DBS Bank Ltd.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced the promotion of Gilberto Caldart to head of Latin America and Caribbean divisions. Caldart joined Mastercard from Citi Brazil in 2008, where he served as country business manager and oversaw the retail bank, consumer finance, and card business. He holds a bachelor's degree in business administration and accounting, as well as a master's degree from Duke University.[ citation needed ]

Company culture [edit]

Mastercard was listed as one of the best companies to work for in 2013 by Forbes.[82]

In 2016, Mastercard UK became one of 144 companies who signed the HM Treasury's Women in Finance Charter, a pledge for balanced gender representation in the company.[83]

Mastercard Contactless [edit]

The "contactless" card symbol

PayPass RFID chip from a Mastercard

Mastercard Contactless (formerly branded PayPass[84]) is an EMV-compatible, contactless payment feature similar to American Express' ExpressPay, and Visa Contactless. All three use the same symbol as shown on the right. It is based on the ISO/IEC 14443 standard that provides cardholders with a simpler way to pay by tapping a payment card or other payment device, such as a phone or key fob, on a point-of-sale terminal reader rather than swiping or inserting a card. Contactless can currently be used on transactions up to and including 45 GBP, 50 EUR, 40 CHF, 50 USD, 100 CAD, 200 SEK, 200 NOK, 100 PLN, 200 DKK, 80 NZD, 100 AUD, 1000 RUB, 500 UAH, 350 TRY or 2000 INR.

In 2003, Mastercard concluded a nine-month PayPass market trial in Orlando, Florida with JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and MBNA. More than 16,000 cardholders and more than 60 retailer locations participated in the market trial.[ needs update ] In addition, Mastercard worked with Nokia and the Nokia 6131,[85] AT&T Wireless, and JPMorgan Chase to incorporate Mastercard PayPass into mobile phones using near-field communication technology, in Dallas, Texas. In 2011, Google and Mastercard launched Google Wallet, an Android application which allows a mobile device to send credit/debit card information directly to a Paypass-enabled payment terminal, bypassing the need for a physical card, up until the creation of Android Pay.

During late 2015, Citicards in the USA stopped issuing Paypass-enabled plastic, but the keyfob was still available upon request. Effective July 16, 2016, Citicards stopped supporting Paypass completely. While existing plastic and keyfobs continued to work until their expiration date, no new Paypass-enabled hardware was issued to US customers after that date.

World Beyond Cash [edit]

In 2017, CEO Ajay Banga reinforced the company's goal of extending financial services to those outside the current system by bringing digital payment systems to the unbanked around the world. The company invested $500M in India with offices in Pune and Vadodara to help Mastercard bring cashless transactions to the 2nd largest population in the world. The company also is scheduled to invest an additional $750M in cashless apps and technology, especially focused on India between 2017 and 2020.[86]

QkR [edit]

QkR is a mobile payment app developed by Mastercard, for the purpose of ordering products and services through a smartphone with payments charged to the associated credit card. It is being deployed for use in large-scale events, such as sport events, concerts, or movie theaters. Unlike other Mastercard mobile payment apps such as Pay Pass, QkR does not use NFC from the phone, but rather an Internet connection.

Users can open the app, scan a QR code located on the back of the seat in front of them, and place orders for refreshments of their choice.[87] [88] The order is dispatched to a nearby concession stand, from where a runner delivers the items to the patrons' seats. It is already deployed in Australian movie theaters and is being tested in Yankee Stadium.

QkR is being marketed to vendors as a replacement for other mobile payment apps and a mobile ordering app, either distributed by the vendor (such as Starbucks's app, McDonald's' app, or Chipotle's mobile ordering app) or by a third party, such as Square, headed by Twitter cofounder Jack Dorsey.

Banknet [edit]

Mastercard operates Banknet, a global telecommunications network linking all Mastercard card issuers, acquirers, and data processing centers into a single financial network. The operations hub is located in St. Louis, Missouri. Banknet uses the ISO 8583 protocol.

Mastercard's network differs significantly from Visa's. Visa's is a star-based system where all endpoints terminate at one of several main data centers, where all transactions are processed centrally. Mastercard's network is an edge-based, peer-to-peer network where transactions travel a meshed network directly to other endpoints, without the need to travel to a single point. This allows Mastercard's network to be much more resilient, in that a single failure cannot isolate a large number of endpoints.[89]

COVID-19 assistance [edit]

Mastercard approached TrustStamp in 2018 and invited them to join the Mastercard Start Path Program. The goal of the partnership is integrating TrustStamp's biometric and facial recognition technology into the Mastercard Well Pass platform. This partnership would enable biometric tracking of vaccinations, especially for children.[90] The program is based on the TrustStamp Evergreen Hash, which is a personal digital token that is tied to a fingerprint, palm or face. The AI software creates a 3D 'mask' and then the original data is destroyed. The token would then adapt as the individual does, creating a lifelong identification system.[91]

This system is now being implemented in West Africa through partnership with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and NuData. The Mastercard wellness program was adapted in response to the COVID-19 crisis[92] and now Mastercard is working with TrustStamp and GAVI to bring integrated vaccine verification and payment systems to Developing countries throughout the world.[93]

Publications [edit]

Mastercard provides a lot of documents publicly:

  • Newsroom with Briefs, Press, Blog, Video
  • Insights & Case Studies
  • Rules impacting processors and merchants
  • Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index
  • Emerging Markets Index

See also [edit]

  • RuPay
  • Access credit card
  • Cirrus
  • Damage waiver
  • Entrust Bankcard
  • Maestro
  • 3-D Secure
  • Mondex
  • Octopus card
  • Payoneer
  • Redecard

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Mastercard Incorporated 2020 Annual Report (Form 10-K)" (PDF). sec.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 2021.
  2. ^ "Mastercard Drops Its Name From Company Logo". Fortune . Retrieved January 10, 2019.
  3. ^ "MasterCard Incorporated Reports Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2016 Financial Results". MasterCard.
  4. ^ "MasterCard Corporate Milestones". Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2019. CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mastercard.
  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Corporate website
  • Merchant website
  • Business website
  • How Mastercard works (interactive site)
  • Mastercard Priceless Travel site
  • Business data for Mastercard:
    • Google Finance
    • Yahoo! Finance
    • SEC filings

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